Prolonged pregnancy.
The frequency of this pathology, according to published data is very variable, but generally indicated at 4%. The fact that the prolonged pregnancy is an unfavorable factor for the fetus has become a truism, since it is constantly found necrobiotic, dystrophic involutive processes in the vessels and cellular elements of the placental tissue. These changes are accompanied by respiratory, excretory, endocrine, exchange, and barrier functions of the placenta. The trouble is that the diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy is very difficult, especially with the emergence in recent years the concept of "prolonged pregnancy" in which the duration of pregnancy requires more than usual, so that the fruit has reached its maturity. Therefore, for the diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy cannot be based only on the former, purely clinical criteria for gestational age.
Perinatal mortality in prolonged pregnancy is high - 4.5% or more, and in the structure causes the death of antenatal fetus is 8%. The danger to the fetus increases with the generic instrument, which is half of the cases is complicated by the weakness of labor. The majority of obstetricians extension pregnancy has long been considered an important concomitant indication for caesarean section. Along with this indication, the complex also includes any additional adverse obstetric situation: breech presentation of the fetus, a small degree of narrowing of the pelvis in the mother, the weakness of labor, nulliparous age over 30 years, large fruit, poor obstetric history.